1999 Nall Report
--Landings are the source of most accidents but few injuries.
--For every mile traveled airplanes have seven times as many accidents and automobiles.
--Because of aircraft speeds at impact the fatality rate in airplanes is higher than in automobiles.
--The impact in an accident rises at the square of the speed. Double speed gives 4 times impact. Triple speed gives 9 times impact.
--Aviation flies 10,000,000 miles for every accident
--A relatively few pilots cause most accidents. Pilot judgment of weather is major mistake area. Running out of fuel is still first cause of engine failure.
--25% of approach accidents occur at night
--Majority of fatal stalls occurs at pattern altitudes.
--75% of all accidents occur during the 43% of flying that is done for personal reasons.
--Non-professional business flying accounts for 13% of the flying but only 4% of the accidents.
--Instructional time is 22% with 6% of the accidents
--laurel applicators fly 6% of all flying but only 2% of Accidents. This is due to safety equipment.

Your CFI as a Hazard
--75% of flight training accidents related to improper gear operation occurs with CFI aboard.
--50% of stall accidents occur with CFI aboard
--50% of training mid-air accidents occur with CFI aboard.
--50% of wire strike occurring during flight training had CFI aboard.
--Nearly 50% of emergency simulations that resulted in accidents had CFI aboard.
--40% of carburetor icing accident in training occur with CFI aboard.
--33% of fuel related accidents occur with CFI aboard.
--A training spin accident is three times more likely to occur with a CFI than a solo student.
--25% of all twin-engine aircraft accidents have a CFI aboard.

Fuel/Electric Accidents
1. Experience level of the pilot does not seem to matter in fuel related accidents.
2. 86% of aircraft fires are caused by electrical component failure.
3. Only 6% of aircraft fires causing accidents occur in flight.
4. 5% of accidents are fuel related:
5. 60% of the 5% the aircraft is out of fuel (3%)
6. 30% of the 5% the aircraft is starved with fuel aboard (1.5%)
7. 10% of the 5% the aircraft has contaminated fuel.(.5%)

General Aviation
Only three out of every 1000 people in the US are pilots.
Out of 67,000 licensed instructors in the U. s. only 15,000 are active.
Only 6% of the U.S. women are pilots.
--1998 in the United States and its territories, 43,920 people died in transportation-related accidents. Aviation accounted for 683 deaths, with 621 of them in GA.

--Bicyclists, recreational boaters, and people walking in front of trains notched 794, 808, and 831 fatalities, respectively.
--Women pilots threaten some men's macho identity. Some men think that they are losing status by sharing the skies with mere women. I have found the women pilots I have taught to be better, over all, than the men.

Sayings:
Plan for the worst and ask for ATC help up front.
The best way to hurry up is to slow down.
Best way to learn is by doing or by not doing, something
General Aviation has 98% of the planes flying 80% of the hours flown.

General Aviation Accidents:
1.51% of pilots were between 40-49
2. 71% were private pilots
3. 52% had below 500 hours
4. 46% had less than 100 hrs in type
5. 77% were not IFR rated
6. 57% less than 20 hrs IFR instruction
7. 55% got weather briefing
8. 80% not on flight plan
9. 83% were single engine
10. 62% owned airplane
11. 75% flying for personal reasons
12. 62% in cruise phase of flight
13. 61% crashed in fog
14. 75% were killed
15. 72% of aircraft were IFR equipped
16. 97% of accidents were pilot error
17. 42% of accidents were caused by misuse of weather data
18. 40% of pilots had no weather briefing
19. 30% of accidents caused by pilots mishandling aircraft
20. 14% of accidents related to poor judgment, planning or decision-making
21. 35% of VFR into IFR occur at night
22. 11% of people in VFR to IFR conditions survive accident
23. 50% of fatal accidents were by pilots who had over 500 hours.
24. 80% are caused by pilot error:
25. 20% of the 80% are caused by low level flight (16%)
26. 20% of the 80% are caused by flight into weather (16%)
27. 20% of the 80% happen in airport vicinity (5 miles 3000')(16%)

1989-1993 in the USA
…Accident__________Deaths_
1. Highway Accidents.... 228,000
2. Murders.................... 120,000
3. Home Accidents ..........105,000
4. falls............................. 62,000
5. Job accidents.............. 47,000
6. Pedestrians Killed ........33,500
7. Poisonings ..................26,000
8. Drownings ..................23,000
9.Fires ............................21,000 (90% caused by cigarettes)
10. Ingesting Food? ..........15,000
11. Boating Accidents........ 4,600
12. Bicycle Accidents......... 4,000
13. Railroad crossing ..........3,000
14. Animal vehicles ...............400
15. Major Airline Accidents ...265
16. Commuter Line Accidents 132

1995 statistics
Most flying decisions are easy if the decision is based upon safety. Being safe does not mean without risk. Engine operations are safe but some 8 percent of accidents are caused by engine mechanical failure. Flight training makes up 20% of total flight activity but only 12% of the accidents. Mid-airs make less than 1.2 percent of aircraft accidents. Alcohol and drugs barely appear. Takeoff and landings make 50%. Pilot error 65% base cause of accidents. Risk of drowning at home in your bathtub is five times greater than of dying in an aircraft accident.

The influenza epidemic of 1918 killed over 500,000 in the U.S. and many millions more in the rest of the world. More people than have died in all the wars of the world.

Those big jets are pretty safe! The brochure made a comparison that your odds of dying in a commercial airliner are about the same as being struck by a meteorite!

Approximately 20 accidents per year occur because of deliberate flight in or near thunderstorms.

Learning
--11% hearing
-- 83% seeing

Recall
--10% of what you read
--20% of what you hear
--30% of what you see
--50% of what you see and hear
--5% of what student says
--90% of what students say as they do.
After 3 hours.............. ...After 3 days
Lecture 70% recall ..........10% recall
Demonstration 72% .........20%
Lecture + Demo 85% ......65%

Written Tests:
Private Pilot Written Test figures:
1997: Total tests taken 32,981, 92.1% passed the test, average score of 85.64%
1998: Total tests taken 32,831, 91.8% passed the test, average score of 85.43%
1. 92% of those taking test pass
2. Average grade is 85%
3. Regulations 88.4
4. Weather 86.3
5. Flight Planning 84.8
6. ATC/AIM 81.0
7. En route 85.1
8. Physiological 98.7
9. Basic Instruments 85.5
You go to school to make mistakes. If you must make mistakes, make them new ones. If you don't make any mistakes you have wasted both time and money.

On average, it takes 71 hours to get a pilots license. This average could be ten hours less if students would fly more often.
If the student thinks he ought to know it, he won't ask it.
The odds are overwhelming that your being involved in an aircraft accident will occur within 100 miles of your home airport.
The accident will be on takeoff or landing.

1995 figures
About 45 aircraft accidents occur every week only three are due to mechanical failures. Six out of every seven accidents caused by some mechanical failure result in no or only minor injuries. 25% of the injuries caused by the one in seven accidents where people are injured should not have resulted in injuries had proper procedures been followed.

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