Task: 
EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING
1. REFERENCES: AC 61-21A, Airplane handbook and Flight Manual

EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING PROCEDURES
Best glide speed + 10 knots.

P 1. Knows and discusses which descent, approach, and landing is appropriate to the situation.
P 2. Establishes and maintains the recommended best-glide attitude, configuration, and airspeed, + 10 knots.
P 3. Selects a suitable emergency landing area within gliding distance.
P 4. Selects best option for field, speed + 10 knots, flies arrival pattern with respect to terrain and wind.
P 5. Contingency options opened and selected, seeks cause of problem, flaps only when field is certain.
P 6. Maintains positive control of the airplane at all times.
P 7. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist.

EX Able to explain emergency sequence in a variety of possible situations. Be ready to demonstrate emergency process from start up to tiedown.

For single-engine certificates, simulated emergency approaches and landings, as well as system and equipment malfunctions are specified items. Judgment is most evident when a flight doesn't proceed as planned. Good judgment during aircraft operations that are critical to flight safety must be tested and demonstrated. An example of a simulated engine failure test of judgment often occurs during low level ground reference maneuvers but can occur over an airport. The ability to determine relationships and alternatives and then make reasonable decisions is judgment. The ability to adjust one's actions to meet the surprises that come in the PTS and flying is essential. The student /instructor combination must give opportunity to develop this judgment.

Situations
--Because throttle has been misused to prime the engine the carburetor overflows. When started the exhaust sets fire to the overflow.
Options:
1. If the engine has not started, continue to crank the engine with the mixture out. This will suck much of the fire into the exhaust, and use up fuel in the system. If this doesn't work, bail out and call authorities. Use radio?
2. If engine is running, pull mixture and apply full throttle. Use radio to call authorities.

-- At application of full power, seat slides back, door opens, or a loud bang occurs.
Options:
1. Pull power and clear runway
.
--Shortly after lift off, seat slides back, door opens or a loud bang occurs.
Options:
1. Power off and land on remaining runway.
2. Power as needed to maintain control. Radio.
Altitude needed to safely land. May be off airport.
During climb out at best rate, the engine fails
.
Options:
1. Land off airport within 30 degree of heading
2. If altitude permits (800' or more) make steep turn to airport. 240 degree turn required to make it back to departure runway. During climb out, the cockpit fills with smoke.

Options:
1. If electrical, turn off master. Return for landing.
2. If petroleum, pull mixture, forward nose high slip to landing. Flaps if possible.
3. In event of fire, get on the ground.
. Engine failure at altitude

Options:
1. CHECKLIST
2. An imminent stall will stop the propeller from windmilling and improve the glide ratio. The starter can be used to level the prop and minimize damage.
3. If descent is being made against the wind, add 1/3 of the wind velocity for best penetration glide.
4. If descent is being made with the wind, reduce best glide speed slightly.
--Fuel gauge on empty, lost
.
Options:
1. Land. Note: Don't fly below 1/4 tanks. The gas gauge is the least accurate instrument on the aircraft. Factors such as load, winds, and carburation can affect fuel flow.
--Lost-possibly flew off the edge of the sectional.

Options:
1. CCCC Climb, communicate, confess, comply. Note: Don't delay. Get on the radio and indicate that someone has misplaced your destination. A common fault is to descend in the belief that something will appear. Nothing so interferes with mental functioning as being lost or misplaced.
--Partial engine failure
.
Options:
1. Your first rule is to maintain positive aircraft control as you refer to your printed checklist. Check the critical items so that in an actual failure you will deal with the essentials first.
2. Smoothness and airspeed control in obtaining and maintaining the best glide airspeed and configuration is essential. Failure to maintain just the best glide speed will prevent accurate decisions related to gliding distance and touchdown. Be sure to consider factors as altitude, wind, terrain, obstructions in your planning. If you have made a poor choice of an emergency landing area, don't hesitate to make only one new choice.
--Engine failure with full flaps

Options:
1. Get the flaps up while applying enough back yoke pressure to maintain the best glide speed. Best power off glide speed is usually midway between Vx and Vy. (Check) Trim down four turns from full flap descent at 60 knots and 1500 rpm.

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